Wednesday, April 1, 2009

Apply Poetry

Faith McCullough
April 1, 2009
Period 11
AP English III- Ms. Brown

Comprehension: Hughes offers a list of famous rivers in his poem, “The Negro Speaks of Rivers.” These rivers are located all over the world. These rivers were possibly chosen because they represented the timeline of Hughes’ life. He feels they represent what makes up the kind of person he is. He can relate these rivers back to his home. The Congo river represents his African heritage, the Nile represents his perseverance to strive for the best and the Mississippi represents Hughes’ ancestors gaining their freedom. All of these representations show how the rivers make up Hughes’ life.

Comprehension: In “I, Too” by Langston Hughes, he speaks of a darker brother and by that he means that he is the brother to the white man but just darker. Hughes states that he eats in the kitchen to display to the reader that the white man feels he was not worthy enough to sit and eat at the dining table, so they kept the black man in the kitchen. He also states that he will eat in the kitchen tomorrow showing optimism and having hope for the future. He believes that his day for eating at the table is bound to come. The significance of the title “I, Too,” is to show that Langston Hughes is also an American citizen. He, too, should be able to eat at the white man’s dining table.

Context: The Harlem Renaissance goals were contradicted when Hughes wrote the poem “Mulatto” because the Harlem Renaissance was all about creative expression of the world around you. Not the bad experiences of the past.

Context: In “Note on Commercial Theatre” Hughes is talking about the white race stealing the musical styles and talents of the black race and not giving them credit for it. These same issues aren’t really relevant today because the U.S. developed stricter patent laws and someone could file a civil suit for their rightful property.

Exploration: I think Hughes writes so often about America rather than Africa because Hughes was the kind of poet to write about what he knows and what issues he can identify with while also making it known to the public.

Monday, February 23, 2009

Meaning

1. Koch’s thesis is the only way to protect human life from murder is to not let it happen and to do this, the guaranteed way is the death penalty. The main idea that he wants readers to agree with is that human life and their rights need to be protected.
2. The argument that deals with the death penalty as a deterrent to murder is that the death penalty will scare murderers that they wouldn’t murder. Koch brings up a situation that happened with murderer that was sentenced to life in prison, but they still were able to commit murder. The argument that deals with the death penalty being a form of justice for the murder done is that it gave the murderer exactly what they deserved. Since they gave up someone else’s life, then they should give up their life as well. Both arguments relate to his thesis because they both protect the human life.

Purpose and Audience

1. In this particular essay Koch does not seem to convey a sense of political gain. He just seems to want to get his point across. Koch just wants his audience to how serious this issue is and that it should be stopped with the death penalty. He does not seem to be aiming for votes or political superiority. He wants to make his audience aware that the highest form of capital punishment is the most guaranteed way that murder will not happen.
2. Koch does seem to expect is audience to agree with because he gives reasons on why those who do not agree with him say that the death penalty is not the right way to handle murder situations. Koch set an emotional appeal in his essay. By doing this, he tends to seek a sad and sorrowful reaction from his audience. Giving the readers various examples, showed them that the death penalty was the best option for capital punishment.
3. He places the readers with a responsibility of knowing the difference of state rights and individual rights. They just have to know that that the government can do certain things that citizens and individuals themselves are just not allowed to do. He explains how everyone wants their rights, but they do not want the responsibility that comes along with it. He is just saying you have to do your part in society.

Method and Structure

1. An example of emotional appeal is when Koch talks about the twenty-one year old woman that was assaulted and murdered. Lots of people heard her shouting for help, but they didn’t do anything about it. An example of an ethical appeal is when Koch states his twenty-two years of experience of capital punishment. Lastly, an example of a rational appeal is when Koch explains how though the death penalty is a harsh way to capital punishment, doing absolutely nothing about the situation if far more barbaric and terrible. I think that the emotional appeal is most effective because it goes straight to the heart of the audience. No matter how much someone thinks about a subject, they tend to listen to their hearts. The least effective appeal is the ethical appeal because even though you might be a credible source, you still could have an opinion about a subject that makes no sense at all and agreeing with you just because your credible would be a foolish mistake on the reader.
2. The major premise is that before death, murderers admit they were wrong. The minor premise is murderers realize that they were wrong. The conclusion is that all murderers admit they were wrong and realize what they did was wrong before they die. Koch denies the validity of this because this is not necessarily true for all murderers. Some murders might know that what they did was wrong, but they might not all admit to it.
3. Koch’s strategy in countering the argument is that it’s not the method of the death penalty it’s the death of another human being that one thinks is barbaric. I believe that this method was effective because compares finding a cure to diseases to finding a cure to the death penalty.
4. Koch uses the examples of murders and what they have done to innocent victims to display all his points. For instance, the example he gives of the prison victim who was sentenced to life but still had the chance to kill proved that life sentences is not enough to stop murders from murdering. Another example is of the twenty-one year old woman who was assaulted and murdered. This example proved that if the death penalty isn’t pit into place the criminal will become bolder and more confident in his crimes. The only way to destroy this boost of confidence is to show them the same thing can happen to them.

Language

1. Koch portrays a tone of determination. This determination to convince his audience the death penalty is the one and only way to bring murder to an end is the highest level of capital punishment. By giving a lot of emotional appeal, Koch really draws my attention to his argument especially when the corrections officer was murdered by a convict who was already sentenced to life.
2. Koch’s words indicate that he understands what his opponents are saying, but he feels they are just outright wrong. He feels that some of his opponents just were not thinking sensibly.

Writing Topics

1. I use to think that the death penalty was not the way to go when it came to capital punishment, but after reading this essay by Koch, I realized that it really is the only way to deal with the problem up front and personal. Being a Christian, my religion would say that this form of punishment is cruel and that it is not the right way to solve this problem. Though my religion is to not kill anyone at all, I feel that those who deserve the death penalty should get the death penalty. I use to think that life sentences were enough because murders were not out in the open murdering people. After reading the essay and reading his example of what happened in the prison, that one incident changed my view completely. Though I am still contemplating on whether or not to agree with the death penalty or not.

I think now that I have read the essay and thought about all the possibilities, the only reasonable solution is that one should be put to death only if it is for a reason. If the crime was because of self defense and it could be proven as self defense, then one should not be put to death. Why should someone die for defending their own life? If one thinks they can take someone else’s life, why shouldn’t the government take your own life? Yes, the death penalty is a harsh punishment for anyone, but it is the right one if one chooses to take someone’s life in their own hands.

Tuesday, January 20, 2009

MLK Questions

Faith McCullough
January 20, 2009
Period 11
AP English III- Brown

Rhetorical Structure: Figures of Speech

1.Alliteration- the repetition of initial sounds in adjacent words or syllables

Allusion- a passing or casual reference; an incidental mention of something, either directly or by implication: an allusion to Shakespeare.

Metaphor- a figure of speech in which a word for one idea or thing is used in place of another to suggest a likeness between them

Simile- a figure of speech in which two dissimilar things are compared by the use of like or as

2. The opening phrase of King’s speech is an allusion to Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address. This was an appropriate and strong way to begin his speech because both speeches were strongly significant in history.

3. Declaration of Independence- “Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness”
Bible- “and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together”

4. “Let freedom ring form the mighty mountains of New York.”

5. “…from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood.”

6. “I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.”

7. This figure of speech was a metaphor comparing segregation to slavery. Those words gave his audience some vivid imagery to picture. It also makes his audience feel as though they were one of the people in slavery. King was saying that slavery has ended, however the segregation and discrimination against African Americans has still exist among them even now.

8. “One hundred years” and “With this faith”

9. One effect of his repetition of “I have a dream” was the fact that not only did King have a dream and he believed in his dream, other African Americans even some whites believed that this dream would become a reality. Another effect of his repetition it would have a tendency to activate a person’s goals and ambitions. Someone might have thought that this goal or dream would never come to pass, but by repeating it gave them the drive to have faith in all their dreams.

10. The most powerful and moving part of King’s speech to me is the part where is talks about how “sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.” This section of his speech appealed to me the most because it gives me a visual image on how men and women of all color would one day sit together. It’s hard to even imagine that there was so much segregation those years ago and to see the progression that our nation has gone through is amazing. Now blacks, whites, Hispanics, and all other nationalities and ethnicities can go to school together, eat together, and befriend one another. It would be amazing to see how young people would be able to discuss the wrongs of our forefathers and have the heart to make them right. The young and the old would be able to unite as one people and join hands to share their nation.

Understanding the Dream

1. King’s dream is to bring all races together and become equal, just as it says in the Declaration of Independence. He didn’t want one race to be greater than the other. He also wanted the country to unite to make United States a nation where all nationalities could come together and be one. Dr. King believed in equal opportunity for all. He wanted to see true justice, educational opportunity, and fair employment for men and women. Dr. King’s vision of equality was magnified in his I Have a Dream speech.

2. Some of the injustice acts against African Americans that was cited in his speech was when King states how “America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked insufficient funds.”

3. American Dream- freedom and equal opportunity for all, a stable income for a happy family with a beautiful house

Wednesday, December 17, 2008

Short Answer Questions

Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

1. Edwards gives the effect of ventriloquism on a person so he can emphasize how easily and quickly death can come. One can be witty, smart, and or an all around good person, but one can never out wit or defeat death. He also wants to stress not only will death come, but destruction will come as well. He means destruction in a way of going to hell. One shouldn’t take death and destruction for granted or as a joke. One needs to be careful not to be so foolish. By giving the monologue of wickedness a human face, Edwards means to relate better to his audience and show them how realistic death and destruction is and it was easier for his audience to understand.

2. Taking in effect of the poetic devices of sound and rhetorical devices of direct address and repetition, the passage should be moving and effective because the words themselves are powerful. Edwards’s use of diction is so compelling and distinct it draws his audience into what he was saying. Also, Edwards tone of anger and disappointment in the sinners makes the audience want to learn more of what they were doing wrong and what they could do to improve that. Such words like fiery, fierceness, wrath, and fury also made the passage so effective. These words showed how firm God would be on the sinners.

3. This particular phrase signifies that sinners tend to depend on God for “peace and safety” when they need it. Sinners take God as a joke, but they soon feel his wrath when they find out that they “were nothing but thin air and empty shadows” (431[full ed.] 200 [shorter ed.]). Sinners are only dependent and reliant on God that they ask for what they want and expect to get it, but they do not want to completely accept Christ in their life. It’s kind of like sinners use God for what they want and then they are threw with him until they next time they need him, like a one night stand. It can mask a “natural man” because the man can display himself to be “holier than thou”, but he could actually be a hypocrite. He could try to be holy and live a true Christian life, but he can do what he wants to do behind closed doors.

4. The Great Awakening was a time of a spiritual wave through the whole United States. The “haste” and “little time” gives rise to the tone of the sermon because it stresses how little time sinners have to get themselves together until the end time. The sermon also informs sinners how quickly they need to give their life over to Christ. That is also why Edwards displays a tone of anger because he doesn’t want to feel responsible if those sinners go to hell. He supposes that the ends of times are near because God is gathering more and more of his elect. During the Great Awakening, a lot of men started to become priest and felt that they had a conversion experience with God.




The Souls of Black Folk

1. Dubois “fine contempt” proved to be insufficient when he was a young boy in New England. When a young girl came to his schoolhouse she refused to take his card. This experience made him realize that he was different. His “fine contempt” proved to be insufficient because he was an African-American. Dubois’s ethnicity put him in a category of ignorance and unintelligence. Even though he has accomplished so much, none of that mattered because he was black. Dubois gets on a very personal level with his audience by giving them examples of his personal experiences. The audience can then realize that no African-American is better than the other, even if you knew the encyclopedia from front to back, you still would be labeled as a Negro that doesn’t know anything. Dubois’s personal experiences add to the argument by that black and white relations still have not changed. This argument proves persuasion to the black community.

2. The dramatic numbered list by assessing Washington’s ideas. Dubois establishes why Washington brought up these ideas and all the repercussions that came along with them. He realizes that Washington makes his decisions in a hasty manner and does not think about them. Dubois makes it very clear that Washington wants change to happen overnight. He also realizes that he isn’t willing to do the work required to follow through. Like stated before, Washington does not think about his decisions and he doesn’t consider the consequences if everyone does not agree with his plans and does not follow through with them.

3. Dubois intercuts “The Souls of Black Folk” with “Sorrow Songs” because he wants to create an illusion of a flashback. “Sorrow Songs” were songs that slaves would sing when they were working in the cotton fields. They were a way the slaves could relieve themselves without getting caught from their master. These songs were also a way to look forward to the things that could come in the future, like freedom. Dubois wanted to demonstrate the difference in time then and when he wrote the book. Again, he wanted to show how relations between races haven’t changed. Some things might have might have been much worse then, but they still have not changed.

Wednesday, December 3, 2008

Comparison Analysis

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/04/fashion/04SHOPPING.html?_r=1&hp

Lit. Response/ NY Times Article
1. 508 words/1,103 words
2. 24 sentences/43 sentences
3. 38 words/77 words
4. 10 words/3 words
5. 21 words/34 words
6. 10 sentences/8 sentences
7. 41.7%/18.6%
8. 8 sentences/13 sentences
9. 33.3%/30.2%
10. 9 sentences/5 sentences
2 sentences/1 sentence
6 sentences/2.5 sentences

Sunday, November 23, 2008

The Atlanta Exposition Address

Faith McCullough
November 23, 2008
Period 11
AP English III

The Atlanta Exposition Address

Booker T. Washington was a well respected man during his time, and the respect for him continues today. Many people, black and white, looked up to Washington because of the truthfulness in words, intelligence, and respect for all races. In The Atlanta Exposition Address, Booker T. Washington explains how the Negroes and the whites had to come together and unite to have any progress with the nation. He also explains how that this progression of change would not come about by forcing it; Negroes would have to endure some struggles and trials to get to the point of social equality. “I think that the according of the full exercise of political rights is…not an over-night, gourd-vine affair” (Page 7). Change would not come over night and Washington knew this. When doing anything, everyone has to wait for the right time to come.

Like stated before, Washington was well respected for the truthfulness in his words. Washington spoke his mind and that is what a lot of people liked about him. Though many people liked him for his truthfulness, a number of people didn’t. For example, when Washington was asked to give his “opinion of the exact condition, mental and moral, of the coloured ministers in the South…” (Page 5) Negroes began to get mad and stop sending their children to Tuskegee. Although this probably hindered Washington in some ways, it didn’t stop him from doing what he knew what he was supposed to do and that was to “speak in the interests of the Tuskegee school and my race…” (Page 4).

“In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress” (Page 2). Washington respected all races because he knew that they would all have to come together for the nation to progress into a greater nation. Once this happens, Negroes would be given political rights just like whites and would now have a chance to be apart of society. Washington started this trend of becoming part of a white society when he became one of the jurors of the Atlanta Exposition. Just speaking at the exposition was a great privilege, but being able to judge others was an even greater privilege. This event proved that Negroes had to work their way up to the top. They more than an education now; they needed confidence to know that one day there would be equal opportunity for blacks.

Tuesday, November 18, 2008

The Yellow Wallpaper

Faith McCullough
November 18, 2008
Period 11
AP English III

The Yellow Wallpaper

In the story The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins, the main character portrays a “true woman” who submissive, loyal, and faithful. She would be considered part of the cult of true womanhood. Though did all these things for her husband, John, he treated her as if she did not have any say or opinion at all, not even on her own health. John was certainly convinced that she was sick and had a nervous condition. It can be inferred that John made her obtain this nervous condition because being part of the cult of true womanhood could take a strain on one. She probably was just tired and exhausted from the work. Since he was a physician, everyone including their friends and family believed him. His wife did not even believe she was ill but he was the man of the household and the highest of authority, so she had no other choice but to go along with what he believed to true. Perkins reveals the woman’s separation but not entire divorce from the cult through the character’s diction and disobedience.
Throughout the story there were various moments, closer to the end, where the woman deliberately disobeys her husband because she is trying to find out different things about the nursery wallpaper. “He thought I was asleep first, but I wasn't…” (Page 9). When the woman was told to go to sleep she did not do as she was instructed. She was trying to expand her knowledge on what was on or in that wallpaper, and by making her go to sleep John was preventing this from happening. Another example of the woman defying her husband’s authority was when she creeps during the daylight just like the women in the wallpaper, knowing that she should not. “I always lock the door when I creep by daylight. I can't do it at night, for I know John would suspect something at once” (Page 13). Though she knows that her husband would be suspicious of her if he saw her creeping at night, she was willing to take that chance so she might find out more about the yellow wallpaper.
In addition to diction, Perkins’s main character conveys a tone of disobedience to disclose the woman’s separation with the cult of true womanhood. The main character’s tone suggest that she was ready find out things on her own and not have to rely on her husband. She was amenable to chance her relationship with her husband. He could have sent her to Weir Mitchell, a man that was just like her husband and her brother, but worse. Although she had to gamble her “freedom”, her disobedient behavior led her to a fascinating discovery that indeed shocked her husband.
In conclusion, Perkins uses the main character’s diction and tone to express her separation from the cult of true womanhood. She illustrates how being involved in the cult of true womanhood takes a toll on a woman and causes them to want to separate from the cult and become their own woman.